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1 submarine, experimental
Military: SSXУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > submarine, experimental
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2 передатчик системы аварийной сигнализации подводных лодок
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > передатчик системы аварийной сигнализации подводных лодок
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3 прибор управления подводной лодкой
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > прибор управления подводной лодкой
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4 система обнаружения подводных лодок
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > система обнаружения подводных лодок
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5 содружество подводных лодок
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > содружество подводных лодок
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6 экспериментальный
1. experimental2. experimentallyАвиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > экспериментальный
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7 экспериментальный
1. experimental2. experimentallyБизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > экспериментальный
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8 экспериментальный
прил. experimentalСинонимический ряд:1. пробно (прил.) опытно; пробно2. опытным путем (проч.) опытным путемРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > экспериментальный
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9 доказывать экспериментально
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > доказывать экспериментально
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10 экспериментальная подводная лодка
Naval: experimental submarineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > экспериментальная подводная лодка
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11 Davis, Robert Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 6 June 1870 London, Englandd. 29 March 1965 Epsom, Surrey, England[br]English inventor of breathing, diving and escape apparatus.[br]Davis was the son of a detective with the City of London police. At the age of 11 he entered the employment of Siebe, Gorman \& Co., manufacturers of diving and other safety equipment since 1819, at their Lambeth works. By good fortune, his neat handwriting attracted the notice of Mr Gorman and he was transferred to work in the office. He studied hard after working hours and rose steadily in the firm. In his twenties he was promoted to Assistant Manager, then General Manager, Managing Director and finally Governing Director. He retired in 1960, having been made Life President the previous year, and continued to attend the office regularly until May 1964.Davis's entire career was devoted to research and development in the firm's special field. In 1906 he perfected the first practicable oxygen-breathing apparatus for use in mine rescue; it was widely adopted and with modifications was still in use in the 1990s. With Professor Leonard Hill he designed a deep-sea diving-bell incorporating a decompression chamber. He also invented an oxygen-breathing apparatus and heated apparel for airmen flying at high altitudes.Immediately after the first German gas attacks on the Western Front in April 1915, Davis devised a respirator, known as the stocking skene or veil mask. He quickly organized the mass manufacture of this device, roping in members of his family and placing the work in the homes of Lambeth: within 48 hours the first consignment was being sent off to France.He was a member of the Admiralty Deep Sea Diving Committee, which in 1933 completed tables for the safe ascent of divers with oxygen from a depth of 300 ft (91 m). They were compiled by Davis in conjunction with Professors J.B.S.Haldane and Leonard Hill and Captain G.C.Damant, the Royal Navy's leading diving expert. With revisions these tables have been used by the Navy ever since. Davis's best-known invention was first used in 1929: the Davis Submarine Escape Apparatus. It became standard equipment on submarines until it was replaced by the Built-in Breathing System, which the firm began manufacturing in 1951.The firm's works were bombed during the Second World War and were re-established at Chessington, Surrey. The extensive research facilities there were placed at the disposal of the Royal Navy and the Admiralty Experimental Diving Unit. Davis worked with Haldane and Hill on problems of the underwater physiology of working divers. A number of inventions issued from Chessington, such as the human torpedo, midget submarine and human minesweeper. In the early 1950s the firm helped to pioneer the use of underwater television to investigate the sinking of the submarine Affray and the crashed Comet jet airliners.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1932.BibliographyDavis was the author of several manuals on diving including Deep Sea Diving and Submarine Operations and Breathing in Irrespirable Atmospheres. He also wrote Resuscitation: A Brief Personal History of Siebe, Gorman \& Co. 1819–1957.Further ReadingObituary, 1965, The Times, 31 March, p. 16.LRD -
12 Bacon, Francis Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 21 December 1904 Billericay, Englandd. 24 May 1992 Little Shelford, Cambridge, England[br]English mechanical engineer, a pioneer in the modern phase of fuel-cell development.[br]After receiving his education at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, Bacon served with C.A. Parsons at Newcastle upon Tyne from 1925 to 1940. From 1946 to 1956 he carried out research on Hydrox fuel cells at Cambridge University and was a consultant on fuel-cell design to a number of organizations throughout the rest of his life.Sir William Grove was the first to observe that when oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to platinum electrodes immersed in sulphuric acid a current was produced in an external circuit, but he did not envisage this as a practical source of electrical energy. In the 1930s Bacon started work to develop a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that operated at moderate temperatures and pressures using an alkaline electrolyte. In 1940 he was appointed to a post at King's College, London, and there, with the support of the Admiralty, he started full-time experimental work on fuel cells. His brief was to produce a power source for the propulsion of submarines. The following year he was posted as a temporary experimental officer to the Anti-Submarine Experimental Establishment at Fairlie, Ayrshire, and he remained there until the end of the Second World War.In 1946 he joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Cambridge, receiving a small amount of money from the Electrical Research Association. Backing came six years later from the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC), the development of the fuel cell being transferred to Marshalls of Cambridge, where Bacon was appointed Consultant.By 1959, after almost twenty years of individual effort, he was able to demonstrate a 6 kW (8 hp) power unit capable of driving a small truck. Bacon appreciated that when substantial power was required over long periods the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell associated with high-pressure gas storage would be more compact than conventional secondary batteries.The development of the fuel-cell system pioneered by Bacon was stimulated by a particular need for a compact, lightweight source of power in the United States space programme. Electro-chemical generators using hydrogen-oxygen cells were chosen to provide the main supplies on the Apollo spacecraft for landing on the surface of the moon in 1969. An added advantage of the cells was that they simultaneously provided water. NRDC was largely responsible for the forma-tion of Energy Conversion Ltd, a company that was set up to exploit Bacon's patents and to manufacture fuel cells, and which was supported by British Ropes Ltd, British Petroleum and Guest, Keen \& Nettlefold Ltd at Basingstoke. Bacon was their full-time consultant. In 1971 Energy Conversion's operation was moved to the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, as Fuel Cells Ltd. Bacon remained with them until he retired in 1973.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1967. FRS 1972. Royal Society S.G. Brown Medal 1965. Royal Aeronautical Society British Silver Medal 1969.Bibliography27 February 1952, British patent no. 667,298 (hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell). 1963, contribution in W.Mitchell (ed.), Fuel Cells, New York, pp. 130–92.1965, contribution in B.S.Baker (ed.), Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Technology, New York, pp. 1–7.Further ReadingObituary, 1992, Daily Telegraph (8 June).A.McDougal, 1976, Fuel Cells, London (makes an acknowledgement of Bacon's contribution to the design and application of fuel cells).D.P.Gregory, 1972, Fuel Cells, London (a concise introduction to fuel-cell technology).GW -
13 Thomson, Sir William, Lord Kelvin
[br]b. 26 June 1824 Belfast, Ireland (now Northern Ireland)d. 17 December 1907 Largs, Scotland[br]Irish physicist and inventor who contributed to submarine telegraphy and instrumentation.[br]After education at Glasgow University and Peterhouse, Cambridge, a period of study in France gave Thomson an interest in experimental work and instrumentation. He became Professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow in 1846 and retained the position for the rest of his career, establishing the first teaching laboratory in Britain.Among his many contributions to science and engineering was his concept, introduced in 1848, of an "absolute" zero of temperature. Following on from the work of Joule, his investigations into the nature of heat led to the first successful liquefaction of gases such as hydrogen and helium, and later to the science of low-temperature physics.Cable telegraphy gave an impetus to the scientific measurement of electrical quantities, and for many years Thomson was a member of the British Association Committee formed in 1861 to consider electrical standards and to develop units; these are still in use. Thomson first became Scientific Adviser to the Atlantic Telegraph Company in 1857, sailing on the Agamemnon and Great Eastern during the cable-laying expeditions. He invented a mirror galvanometer and more importantly the siphon recorder, which, used as a very sensitive telegraph receiver, provided a permanent record of signals. He also laid down the design parameters of long submarine cables and discovered that the conductivity of copper was greatly affected by its purity. A major part of the success of the Atlantic cable in 1866 was due to Thomson, who received a knighthood for his contribution.Other instruments he designed included a quadrant electrostatic voltmeter to measure high voltages, and his "multi-cellular" instrument for low voltages. They could be used on alternating or direct current and were free from temperature errors. His balances for precision current measurement were widely used in standardizing laboratories.Thomson was a prolific writer of scientific papers on subjects across the whole spectrum of physics; between 1855 and 1866 he published some 110 papers, with a total during his life of over 600. In 1892 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Kelvin of Largs. By the time of his death he was looked upon as the "father" of British physics, but despite his outstanding achievements his later years were spent resisting change and progress.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1866. Created Lord Kelvin of Largs 1892. FRS 1851. President, Royal Society 1890–4. An original member of the Order of Merit 1902. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers 1874. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1889 and 1907. Royal Society Royal Medal 1856, Copley Medal 1883.Bibliography1872, Reprints of Papers on Electrostatics and Magnetism, London; 1911, Mathematical and Physical Papers, 6 vols, Cambridge (collections of Thomson's papers).Further ReadingSilvanus P.Thompson, 1910, The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, 2 vols, London (an uncritical biography).D.B.Wilson, 1987, Kelvin and Stokes: A Comparative Study in Victorian Physics, Bristol (provides a present-day commentary on all aspects of Thomson's work).J.G.Crowther, 1962, British Scientists of the 19th Century, London, pp. 199–257 (a short critical biography).GWBiographical history of technology > Thomson, Sir William, Lord Kelvin
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14 значительно увеличивать
•Nuclear propulsion has vastly multiplied (or improved, or enhanced, or increased) the capabilities of the submarine.
•Service life of the tubes has been drastically (or greatly, or considerably, or substantially) extended.
•The ease with which the nuclear force field deflects particles of lower energy adds greatly to the difficulty of working backward from the experimental data to the probabilities of alpha scattering.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > значительно увеличивать
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15 судно
boat, ship, vessel, watercraft* * *су́дно с.
ship, vessel (в сочетаниях — равнозаменяемы)бункерова́ть су́дно — fuel a shipсу́дно вы́брошено на бе́рег — the ship is strandedвыве́шивать су́дно на ста́пель-бло́ках — fair a vessel plumb [set a vessel in an upright position] on the blocksвысаживать(ся) с су́дна — disembark [put ashore, land] from a vessel, leave a vesselгрузи́ть су́дно — load a vesselзакла́дывать (но́вое) су́дно — lay down a (new) vessel, lay the keel for a new vesselсу́дно име́ет оса́дку, напр. 15 фу́тов — a vessel draws, e. g., 15 feetсу́дно нахо́дится в до́ке — the ship is lying at a dockсу́дно (нахо́дится) на прико́ле — the ship is lying idle [is laid up]обшива́ть (деревя́нное) су́дно до́сками — plank a shipобшива́ть (деревя́нное) су́дно до́сками вгладь — carvel a ship, plank a ship with carvel workсу́дно остана́вливается — the ship brings herself to restсу́дно отвали́ло от прича́ла — the ship drew out from her berthсу́дно перела́мывается — the ship breaks her backподнима́ть (затону́вшее) су́дно — raise [salvage] a (sunken) vesselсу́дно по́лностью снаряжено́ и оснащено́ (для пла́вания) — the vessel [ship] is all found [is well found]придава́ть су́дну удобообтека́емую фо́рму — streamline the shipсу́дно принима́ет на борт мно́го воды́ — the vessel ships a good deal of waterпроводи́ть су́дно в у́зкостях, кана́лах — и т. п. con a vesselразбира́ть су́дно на лом — break up a shipразгружа́ть су́дно — discharge a vesselрасцве́чивать су́дно фла́гами — dress a shipсу́дно сади́тся на опо́ры до́ка — the dock takes the ship's weightсажа́ть су́дно на опо́ры до́ка — shore a vessel in a dockснять су́дно с ме́ли — heave off the shipспуска́ть су́дно на́ воду — launch a vessel, set a vessel afloatста́вить су́дно в док — dock a shipста́вить су́дно на прико́л — lay up a vesselста́вить су́дно на ро́вный киль — bring a ship on an even keelста́вить су́дно на я́корь — bring a ship to an anchorсу́дно тащи́тся на я́коре — the ship drags her anchorсу́дно те́рпит бе́дствие — the vessel is in distressсу́дно че́рпает во́ду — a vessel ships waterа́томное су́дно — nuclear-powered vesselбукси́рное су́дно — tug (boat), towboatвинтово́е су́дно — screw(-propelled) vesselводоналивно́е су́дно — water carrier, water (transport) vesselвозду́шное су́дно (официальный термин ИКАО для атмосферных летательных аппаратов напр. самолётов, вертолётов, жиров и т. п; не путать с дирижа́блем) — aircraft (not to be confused with airship)вспомога́тельное су́дно ( промыслового флота) — auxiliary shipгидрографи́ческое су́дно — surveying vesselгоспита́льное су́дно — hospital vesselгрузово́е су́дно — cargo vessel, freighterсу́дно для подво́дных иссле́дований — underseas exploration shipдноуглуби́тельное су́дно — dredging craftдобыва́ющее су́дно ( для водного промысла) — catching vesselзатону́вшее су́дно — sunk ship, the wreckзверобо́йное су́дно — sealerка́бельное су́дно — cable shipкабота́жное су́дно — coasting vesselкитобо́йное су́дно — whaler, whaling boatконте́йнерное су́дно — container shipкра́новое су́дно — crane shipледоко́льное су́дно — ice-breaker (ship)лесосплавно́е су́дно — timber-carrying vesselлоцме́йстерское су́дно — boyage vesselсу́дно на возду́шной поду́шке — hovercraft, hovershipнадво́дное су́дно — surface vesselналивно́е су́дно — tankerсу́дно на подво́дных кры́льях [СПК] — hydrofoil craftнау́чно-иссле́довательское су́дно — research shipнау́чно-промысло́вое су́дно — fishery research vesselнефтебурово́е су́дно — drilling vesselнефтеналивно́е су́дно — oil tanker, oil-carrying vesselобраба́тывающее су́дно ( промыслового флота) — factory shipокеанографи́ческое су́дно — oceanographic shipо́пытовое су́дно — experimental vesselпассажи́рское су́дно — passenger shipпатру́льное су́дно ( промыслового флота) — patrol vesselсу́дно пого́ды — weather shipподво́дное су́дно — submarine (vessel)пожа́рное су́дно — fire-boatприё́мно-тра́нспортное су́дно ( промыслового флота) — fish transport shipпрогу́лочное су́дно — pleasure boatпроме́рное су́дно — sounding vesselпромысло́вое су́дно — catching vesselпромысло́вое, обраба́тывающее су́дно — factory shipре́йсовое су́дно — linerрефрижера́торное су́дно — refrigerator shipрыболо́вное су́дно — fishing vesselрыбоохра́нное су́дно — fisheries patrol vesselсу́дно сбо́рной констру́кции — fabricated shipсу́дно секцио́нной постро́йки — fabricated shipспаса́тельное су́дно — rescue vesselспорти́вное су́дно — sports vesselсухогру́зное су́дно — dry-cargo shipторго́вое су́дно — merchant shipтра́нспортное су́дно — transport shipтре́йлерное су́дно — trailer ship -
16 значительно увеличивать
•Nuclear propulsion has vastly multiplied (or improved, or enhanced, or increased) the capabilities of the submarine.
•Service life of the tubes has been drastically (or greatly, or considerably, or substantially) extended.
•The ease with which the nuclear force field deflects particles of lower energy adds greatly to the difficulty of working backward from the experimental data to the probabilities of alpha scattering.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > значительно увеличивать
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17 Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 27 April 1791 Charlestown, Massachusetts, USAd. 2 April 1872 New York City, New York, USA[br]American portrait painter and inventor, b est known for his invention of the telegraph and so-called Morse code.[br]Following early education at Phillips Academy, Andover, at the age of 14 years Morse went to Yale College, where he developed interests in painting and electricity. Upon graduating in 1810 he became a clerk to a Washington publisher and a pupil of Washington Allston, a well-known American painter. The following year he travelled to Europe and entered the London studio of another American artist, Benjamin West, successfully exhibiting at the Royal Academy as well as winning a prize and medal for his sculpture. Returning to Boston and finding little success as a "historical-style" painter, he built up a thriving portrait business, moving in 1818 to Charleston, South Carolina, where three years later he established the (now defunct) South Carolina Academy of Fine Arts. In 1825 he was back in New York, but following the death of his wife and both of his parents that year, he embarked on an extended tour of European art galleries. In 1832, on the boat back to America, he met Charles T.Jackson, who told him of the discovery of the electromagnet and fired his interest in telegraphy to the extent that Morse immediately began to make suggestions for electrical communications and, apparently, devised a form of printing telegraph. Although he returned to his painting and in 1835 was appointed the first Professor of the Literature of Art and Design at the University of New York City, he began to spend more and more time experimenting in telegraphy. In 1836 he invented a relay as a means of extending the cable distance over which telegraph signals could be sent. At this time he became acquainted with Alfred Vail, and the following year, when the US government published the requirements for a national telegraph service, they set out to produce a workable system, with finance provided by Vail's father (who, usefully, owned an ironworks). A patent was filed on 6 October 1837 and a successful demonstration using the so-called Morse code was given on 6 January 1838; the work was, in fact, almost certainly largely that of Vail. As a result of the demonstration a Bill was put forward to Congress for $30,000 for an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore. This was eventually passed and the line was completed, and on 24 May 1844 the first message, "What hath God wrought", was sent between the two cities. In the meantime Morse also worked on the insulation of submarine cables by means of pitch tar and indiarubber.With success achieved, Morse offered his invention to the Government for $100,000, but this was declined, so the invention remained in private hands. To exploit it, Morse founded the Magnetic Telephone Company in 1845, amalgamating the following year with the telegraph company of a Henry O'Reilly to form Western Union. Having failed to obtain patents in Europe, he now found himself in litigation with others in the USA, but eventually, in 1854, the US Supreme Court decided in his favour and he soon became very wealthy. In 1857 a proposal was made for a telegraph service across the whole of the USA; this was completed in just over four months in 1861. Four years later work began on a link to Europe via Canada, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Russia, but it was abandoned with the completion of the transatlantic cable, a venture in which he also had some involvement. Showered with honours, Morse became a generous philanthropist in his later years. By 1883 the company he had created was worth $80 million and had a virtual monopoly in the USA.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLLD, Yale 1846. Fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences 1849. Celebratory Banquet, New York, 1869. Statue in New York Central Park 1871. Austrian Gold Medal of Scientific Merit. Danish Knight of the Danneborg. French Légion d'honneur. Italian Knight of St Lazaro and Mauritio. Portuguese Knight of the Tower and Sword. Turkish Order of Glory.BibliographyE.L.Morse (ed.), 1975, Letters and Journals, New York: Da Capo Press (facsimile of a 1914 edition).Further ReadingJ.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph (discusses his telegraphic work and its context).C.Mabee, 1943, The American Leonardo: A Life of Samuel Morse; reprinted 1969 (a detailed biography).KFBiographical history of technology > Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
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